anaphor
Noun
Meaning
a word (such as a pronoun) used to avoid repetition; the referent of an anaphor is determined by its antecedent
Source: WordNetSynonyms
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Examples
Some writers use the term anaphor only for retrospective anaphors and use the term cataphor for anticipatory anaphors.
The more usual case, where the pronoun follows the antecedent, it is called a retrospective anaphor.