A few species also consume small arthropods (such as the camphor scale Pseudaonidia duplex, a scale insect ). Source: Internet
Among these outcrops 20 have yielded biological inclusions comprising the oldest representatives of several recent families of terrestrial arthropods. Source: Internet
Bacteria and fungi feed on the raw organic matter, which are fed upon by amoebas, which in turn are fed upon by nematodes and arthropods. Source: Internet
Ectoparasitic arthropods may rely on host-host contact (e.g. many lice ), shed eggs that survive off the host (e.g. fleas ), or wait in the external environment for an encounter with a host (e.g. ticks ). Source: Internet
Ground beetles and rove beetles (family Staphylinidae), among others, are primarily carnivorous and catch and consume many other arthropods and small prey, such as earthworms and snails. Source: Internet
Flies and other arthropods live on the mats, even in the middle of the bitterly cold winters. Source: Internet