backstaff
Noun
Meaning
An instrument formerly used for taking the altitude of the heavenly bodies, but now superseded by the quadrant and sextant; -- so called because the observer turned his back to the body observed.
Source: Webster's dictionarySynonyms
Examples
Advantages Like the Davis quadrant (also called backstaff), the sextant allows celestial objects to be measured relative to the horizon, rather than relative to the instrument.
However, unlike the backstaff, the sextant allows direct observations of stars.
This permits the use of the sextant at night when a backstaff is difficult to use.