ijtihad
Noun
Meaning
the endeavor of a Moslem scholar to derive a rule of divine law from the Koran and Hadith without relying on the views of other scholars; by the end of the 10th century theologians decided that debate on such matters would be closed and Muslim theology and law were frozen
Source: WordNetHypernyms
Related terms
Examples
some reform-minded Islamic scholars believe that reopening ijtihad is a prerequisite for the survival of Islam
At present many of our brethren are offended by the word dhimmis, and I have stated in what I wrote in my books that I don't see anything to prevent contemporary Islamic ijtihad from discarding this word dhimmis and calling them non-Muslim citizens."
It was started by Hanafi fiqh as a form of Ijtihad (individual reasoning).
If this is unavailable, then the recorded individual reasoning ( Ijtihad ) of Muhammad companions is sought.
This method is deployed if Ijtihad and Qiyas fail to provide guidance.
Of broader importance has been the role of the mujtahid, a cleric of superior knowledge who has the authority to perform ijtihad (independent judgment).