p-value
Noun
Meaning
p-value (plural p-values)
(statistics) In statistical significance testing, the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.
Synonyms: asymptotic significance, probability value
Examples
If the p-value is too low, the hypothesis is rejected, in a way analogous to falsification.
Commonly this will be used for a p-value between 0.1 and 0.05.
But is the maligned p-value really to blame?
How to get an “overall” p-value and effect size for a categorical factor in a mixed model (lme4)?
The most common cut-off for p-values is 0.05 – that is, if a p-value is 0.06, then it is considered statistically significant.
If the p-value is not less than the required significance level (equivalently, if the observed test statistic is outside the critical region), then the test has no result.