parthenogenesis
Noun
Meaning
The production of new individuals from virgin females by means of ova which have the power of developing without the intervention of the male element; the production, without fertilization, of cells capable of germination. It is one of the phenomena of alternate generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and Metagenesis.
The production of seed without fertilization, believed to occur through the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the embrionic vesicle.
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Examples
A few species of fish, reptiles, and insects reproduce by parthenogenesis and are female altogether.
Agkistrodon contortrix (copperhead snake) and Agkistrodon piscivorus (cotton mouth snake) can reproduce by facultative parthenogenesis.
A few species of amphibians, reptiles, and birds have a similar ability (see parthenogenesis for examples).
However, the Colombian Rainbow boa, Epicrates maurus can also reproduce by facultative parthenogenesis resulting in production of WW female progeny. citation The WW females are likely produced by terminal automixis.
Nevertheless, for the latter, only a few have been described (in a 1984 paper). citation citation citation No naturally occurring cases of parthenogenesis exist in mammals because of imprinted genes.
Both captive-born and wild-born A. contortrix and A. piscivorus appear to be capable of this form of parthenogenesis.