Urban VIII
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Because of the costs incurred by the city of Rome to finance this war, Urban VIII became immensely unpopular with his subjects.
Despite an early friendship and encouragement for his teachings, Urban VIII was responsible for summoning the scientist and astronomer Galileo to Rome in 1633 to recant his work.
However his persecution began after Pope Urban VIII blessed Galileo to write about the Copernican system.
Following his accession to the papacy, Urban VIII is reported to have said, "It is a great fortune for you, O Cavaliere, to see Cardinal Maffeo Barberini made pope, but our fortune is even greater to have Cavalier Bernini alive in our pontificate."
Bust of Urban VIII, Gianlorenzo Bernini, 1637-8 Urban VIII was the last pope to extend the papal territory.
In 1629, and before St. Peter's Baldachin was complete, Urban VIII put him in charge of all the ongoing architectural works at St Peter's.