Venera
Examples
Starting in 1975 with the Soviet orbiter Venera 9 some ten successful orbiter missions have been sent to Venus, including later missions which were able to map the surface of Venus using radar to pierce the obscuring atmosphere.
Venera landers in 1975 and 1982 returned images of a surface covered in sediment and relatively angular rocks. citation The surface was mapped in detail by Magellan in 1990–91.
In 1967 Venera 4 became the first probe to enter and directly examine the atmosphere of Venus.
Radio occultation data from Mariner 5 helped to understand the temperature and pressure data returned by the Venera 4 lander, which arrived at Venus shortly before it.
Several lines are missing due to a simultaneous transmission of the scientific data On 18 October 1967, the Soviet Venera 4 successfully entered the atmosphere and deployed science experiments.
The first interplanetary surface mission to return at least limited surface data from another planet was the 1970 landing of Venera 7 on Venus which returned data to Earth for 23 minutes.