Xiongnu
Noun
Meaning
Xiongnu pl (plural only)
(historical) An ancient nomadic-based people that formed a state or confederation north of the agriculture-based empire of the Han dynasty.
Examples
Dou Xian (50s–92), brother-in-law of Emperor Zhang through his sister Empress Duo, utterly defeated the Northern Xiongnu in a series of campaigns during the Yongyuan era (89–105).
After the death of the new Shanyu in 196 CE, most of the Southern Xiongnu left to join the Northern Xiongnu and only five tribes remained in China.
Chinese forces also mounted surprise attacks against Xiongnu who traded at the border markets.
Emperor Wu accepted this, despite continuing Xiongnu raids.
Emperor Wu interpreted Sima's defence of Li as an attack on his brother-in-law, who had also fought against the Xiongnu without much success, and sentenced Sima to death.
Even fragments of the Northern Xiongnu migrated well within the border to the Xihe plain, west of the Yellow River and south of the Ordos Desert ).