ungulates
Synonyms
Examples
Although the specific construction of the talus supported a close relationship between artiodactyls and cetaceans, the question of whether the even-toed ungulates are paraphyletic was not answered.
Even the rise of ruminants that have similar ecological niches occupied, and had a much more efficient digestive system, is associated with the decline in diversity of odd-toed ungulates.
Aside from camels, all even-toed ungulates put just the tip of the foremost phalanx on the ground.
A study of 16 species of captive ungulates revealed that juvenile survival of inbred young is generally lower than that of non-inbred young. citation (Also see Inbreeding depression ).
Both kinship groups, the odd-toed ungulates and litopterna-notoungulata are now in the higher-level taxon the Panperissodactyla.
Extraction of nutrients from food is relatively inefficient, which probably explains why there are no small odd-toed ungulates; for large animals nutritional requirements per kilogram of body weight are lower and the surface-to-volume ratio is smaller.